Astronomers have confirmed the existence of Proxima b, an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the closest star to our Sun — Proxima Centauri, just 4.2 light-years away. Weighing about 1.17 times the mass of Earth, Proxima b orbits its red dwarf star every 11.2 days and lies within the habitable zone, meaning liquid water could potentially exist on its surface. However, the planet is bombarded by strong X-rays, which might challenge the chances of life. The discovery was reinforced by the ESPRESSO instrument, which also hinted at a possible second, smaller planet nearby — potentially the smallest ever detected by radial velocity.
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