New NCERT social science textbooks for Class 8 are introducing significant changes to the depiction of medieval Indian history. The book, titled ‘Exploring Society India and Beyond’, now portrays Mughal rulers like Babur as a "brutal and ruthless conqueror" and Aurangzeb as a destroyer of temples and gurdwaras, while describing Akbar as a blend of brutality and tolerance. These revisions aim to highlight what the book calls ‘history’s darker periods’. The updated syllabus also includes new material on the Vijayanagara and Maratha empires. The changes have sparked a debate, with supporters like Rakesh Sinha stating, "The Mughals were not the rulers, but they were conquerors." Conversely, critics like Rashid Alvi allege it is a deliberate attempt to target Muslims. The textbook includes a disclaimer that nobody should be blamed for the events of the past.
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